{"data":{"specialists_path":"/find-a-specialist","specialists_search_path":"/find-a-specialist/search","videos_path":"/clinical/clinical-and-surgical-videos","articles":[],"nav_sections":[{"name":"Clinical","slug":"clinical"},{"name":"Education","slug":"education"},{"name":"Publications","slug":"publications"},{"name":"Annual Meeting","slug":"annual-meeting"},{"name":"Practice","slug":"practice"},{"name":"Advocacy","slug":"advocacy"},{"name":"Sections","slug":"sections"},{"name":"Member Services","slug":"members"}],"nav_pages":{"Clinical":[{"title":"2013 Film Festival Award Winners","path":"/annual-meeting/awards/film-festival/2013-award-winners","external":false}],"Advocacy":[{"title":"2017 QPP Snapshot","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/macra-medicare-payment-reform/2017-qpp-snapshot","external":false},{"title":"2018 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule Overview","path":"/advocacy/reimbursement-for-medicare-part-b-drugs/medicare-medicaid-reimbursement-and-coverage","external":false},{"title":"2018 QPP Year 2 Snapshot for Retina","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page/mips-merit-based-incentive-payment-system","external":false},{"title":"2020 QPP Year 4 Snapshot","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/macra-medicare-payment-reform/2020-qpp-year-4-snapshot","external":false},{"title":"2021 MIPS Overview","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/macra-medicare-payment-reform/2021-mips-overview","external":false},{"title":"2023 MIPS Overview","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page/2023-mips-overview","external":false},{"title":"2024 MIPS Overview","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page/2024-mips-overview","external":false},{"title":"2025 MIPS Overview","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page/2025-mips-overview","external":false},{"title":"Advocacy \u0026 Practice Updates","path":"/advocacy/updates","external":false},{"title":"Advocating for Network Adequacy","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/advocating-for-network-adequacy","external":false},{"title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration Downloads","path":"/advocacy/news/february-2015","external":false},{"title":"ASRS and JCAHPO Partner to Offer Scribe Certification","path":"/advocacy/asrs-and-jcahpo-partner-to-offer-scribe-certification","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Comment Letters","path":"/advocacy/asrs-comment-letters","external":false},{"title":"ASRS MIPS Quality Measures","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page/asrs-mips-quality-measures","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Opposes Medicare Part B Drug Demo","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/oppose-medicare-part-b-drug-demo","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Physician Choice of Medication Campaign: Assistance Needed","path":"/advocacy/physician-choice-of-medication/asrs-physician-choice-of-medication-campaign-assistance-needed","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Physician Choice of Medication Campaign: Assistance Needed","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/physician-choice-of-medication/asrs-physician-choice-of-medication-campaign-assistance-needed","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Termination From Medicare Advantage Networks 2013 Activities and Updates","path":"/advocacy/retina-specialists-being-terminated-from-medicare-advantage-networks/asrs-termination-from-medicare-advantage-networks-2013-activities-and-updates","external":false},{"title":"California","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/california","external":false},{"title":"Compounding: Patient-Specific Requirements on 503As","path":"/advocacy/food-and-drug-administration-fda/compounding","external":false},{"title":"December 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/december-2014","external":false},{"title":"February 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/february-2014","external":false},{"title":"Florida","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/florida","external":false},{"title":"Food and Drug Administration","path":"/advocacy/food-and-drug-administration-fda","external":false},{"title":"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)","path":"/advocacy/government-relations/asrs-retina-advocacy-and-federal-affairs/faq","external":false},{"title":"Get Involved: ASRS Grassroots Advocacy","path":"/advocacy/get-involved-asrs-grassroots-advocacy-","external":false},{"title":"Government Relations","path":"/advocacy/government-relations","external":false},{"title":"Grassroots Advocacy Training Resources","path":"/advocacy/get-involved-asrs-grassroots-advocacy-/grassroots-advocacy-training-resources","external":false},{"title":"Guidance on Biologics: Restrictions on Beyond-Use Dates","path":"/advocacy/food-and-drug-administration-fda/access-to-avastin","external":false},{"title":"Have You Been Terminated From a Medicare Advantage Network?","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/advocating-for-network-adequacy/have-you-been-terminated-from-a-medicare-advantage-network","external":false},{"title":"Hawaii","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/hawaii","external":false},{"title":"Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis (HORV)","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/hemorrhagic-occlusive-retinal-vasculitis-horv","external":false},{"title":"January 2015","path":"/advocacy/news/january-2015","external":false},{"title":"July 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/july-2014","external":false},{"title":"Louisiana","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/louisiana","external":false},{"title":"Maine","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/maine","external":false},{"title":"March 2015","path":"/advocacy/news/march-2015","external":false},{"title":"Maryland","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/maryland","external":false},{"title":"Massachusetts","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/massachusetts","external":false},{"title":"May 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/may-2014","external":false},{"title":"Medicare Advantage Network Adequacy","path":"/advocacy/medicare-advantage-network-adequacy","external":false},{"title":"Medicare Reimbursement and Coverage","path":"/advocacy/medicare-reimbursement-and-coverage","external":false},{"title":"Member Letters","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/see-member-letters","external":false},{"title":"MFN Model Impact Calculator","path":"/advocacy/mfn-model-impact-calculator","external":false},{"title":"Michigan","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/michigan","external":false},{"title":"Minnesota","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/minnesota","external":false},{"title":"MIPS: Merit-Based Incentive Payment System","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-mips-landing-page","external":false},{"title":"Mississippi","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/mississippi","external":false},{"title":"New E/M Coding and Documentation Resources","path":"/advocacy/coding-reimbursement/new-em-coding-and-documentation-resources","external":false},{"title":"New Hampshire","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/new-hampshire","external":false},{"title":"New Jersey","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/new-jersey","external":false},{"title":"November 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/november-2014","external":false},{"title":"Oklahoma","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/oklahoma","external":false},{"title":"OR Access for Retinal Emergencies","path":"/advocacy/or-access-for-retinal-emergencies","external":false},{"title":"Patient Resources for Medicare Advantage Networks Termination","path":"/advocacy/retina-specialists-being-terminated-from-medicare-advantage-networks/patient-resources","external":false},{"title":"Physician Choice of Medication","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/physician-choice-of-medication","external":false},{"title":"Physician Choice of Medication","path":"/advocacy/physician-choice-of-medication","external":false},{"title":"Physician Resources","path":"/advocacy/retina-specialists-being-terminated-from-medicare-advantage-networks/physician-resources","external":false},{"title":"Practice Management","path":"/advocacy/practice-management","external":false},{"title":"Proud to be a Retina Specialist","path":"/advocacy/proud-to-be-a-retina-specialist","external":false},{"title":"Register as a RAFA Key Contact","path":"/advocacy/government-relations/asrs-retina-advocacy-and-federal-affairs/register-as-a-rafa-key-contact","external":false},{"title":"Regulatory Updates","path":"/advocacy/regulatory-updates","external":false},{"title":"Reimbursement for Medicare Part B Drugs","path":"/advocacy/reimbursement-for-medicare-part-b-drugs","external":false},{"title":"Related news archives","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/compounding-preserve-access-to-avastin/related-news-archives","external":false},{"title":"Related news archives","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/advocating-for-network-adequacy/advocating-for-network-adequacy-more-related-news-archives-","external":false},{"title":"Related news archives","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/physician-choice-of-medication/related-news-archives","external":false},{"title":"Resources","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/resources","external":false},{"title":"Retina Advocacy and Federal Affairs (RAFA)","path":"/advocacy/government-relations/asrs-retina-advocacy-and-federal-affairs","external":false},{"title":"Retina Practice News","path":"/advocacy/news","external":false},{"title":"Retina Specialists Being Terminated from Medicare Advantage Networks","path":"/advocacy/campaigns/medicare-advantage-network-termination","external":false},{"title":"RUC and CPT","path":"/advocacy/draft-ruc-and-cpt","external":false},{"title":"September 2014","path":"/advocacy/news/september-2014","external":false},{"title":"South Carolina","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/south-carolina","external":false},{"title":"State Insurance Commissioners","path":"/advocacy/campaigns/medicare-advantage-network-termination/state-insurance-commissioners","external":false},{"title":"State Insurance Commissioners","path":"/advocacy/retina-specialists-being-terminated-from-medicare-advantage-networks/state-insurance-commissioners","external":false},{"title":"Step Therapy","path":"/advocacy/step-therapy","external":false},{"title":"Stop Medicare Payment Cuts","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/stop-medicare-payment-cuts","external":false},{"title":"Take Action to Preserve Access to Avastin","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents","external":false},{"title":"Take Action to Preserve Access to Avastin","path":"/advocacy/advocacy-campaigns/compounding-preserve-access-to-avastin/take-action-to-preserve-access-to-avastin","external":false},{"title":"Taxonomy Code for Retina Specialists","path":"/advocacy/taxonomy-code-for-retina-specialists","external":false},{"title":"Tennessee","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/tennessee","external":false},{"title":"Termination From Medicare Advantage Networks","path":"/advocacy/retina-specialists-being-terminated-from-medicare-advantage-networks","external":false},{"title":"United States Pharmacopeia (USP)","path":"/advocacy/food-and-drug-administration-fda/usp","external":false},{"title":"Utah","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/utah","external":false},{"title":"Virginia","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/virginia","external":false},{"title":"Washington","path":"/advocacy/access-to-safe-compounded-agents/state-updates/washington","external":false},{"title":"What is a RAFA Key Contact?","path":"/advocacy/government-relations/asrs-retina-advocacy-and-federal-affairs/what-is-a-rafa-key-contact","external":false},{"title":"What Retina Practices Need to Know About ICD-10","path":"/advocacy/prepare-for-icd-10-","external":false},{"title":"Winter 2013","path":"/advocacy/news/winter-2013","external":false}],"Sections":[{"title":"2021 Grand Rounds Case of the Year Winner","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/fellows-virtual-lecture-series/asrs-grand-rounds/2021-grand-rounds-case-of-the-year-winner","external":false},{"title":"2026 WinR Events","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-events","external":false},{"title":"6th Cairo Retina Meeting Joint ASRS Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/6th-cairo-retina-meeting-joint-asrs-symposium","external":false},{"title":"7th Cairo Retina Meeting ASRS Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/7th-cairo-retina-meeting-asrs-symposium","external":false},{"title":"8th Cairo Retina Meeting ASRS Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/8th-cairo-retina-meeting-asrs-symposium","external":false},{"title":"Africa/Middle East","path":"/sections/international/international-liaison-leaders-and-delegates/africa-middle-east","external":false},{"title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/age-related-macular-degeneration-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Americas","path":"/sections/international/international-liaison-leaders-and-delegates/americas","external":false},{"title":"Anatomy of a Deposition","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/anatomy-of-a-deposition","external":false},{"title":"APVRS ASRS 2016 Joint Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-apvrs-2016-joint-symposium","external":false},{"title":"Arthi Venkat, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/arthi-venkat-md","external":false},{"title":"Asia/Pacific","path":"/sections/international/international-liaison-leaders-and-delegates/asia-pacific","external":false},{"title":"ASRS, AASRS Hold Joint Session at 5th Cairo Retina Meeting","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-aasrs-hold-joint-session-at-5th-cairo-retina-meeting","external":false},{"title":"ASRS and Brazilian Retina and Vitreous Society Sponsor Joint Symposia","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-and-brazilian-retina-and-vitreous-society-sponsor-joint-symposia","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Grand Rounds","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/fellows-virtual-lecture-series/asrs-grand-rounds","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Guidelines for Planning a Joint Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-guidelines-for-planning-a-joint-symposium","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Holds Joint Symposium at EURETINA 2016","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-holds-joint-symposium-at-euretina-2016","external":false},{"title":"ASRS International Affairs Committee Presents: Fixing Challenging Retinal Detachments from Across the Western Hemisphere","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Joint Symposium at 17th EURETINA Congress","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-joint-symposium-at-17th-euretina-congress","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Mentorship Programs Overview","path":"/sections/asr-mentorship-programs-overview","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Retina Practice Mentorship Program","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/asrs-retina-practice-mentorship-program","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium 78th Annual Conference of AIOS","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-78th-annual-conference-of-aios","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium at 18th EURETINA Congress","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-at-18th-euretina-congress","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium at EURETINA 2019 Congress","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-at-euretina-2019-congress","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium at the 20th EVRS Meeting","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-at-the-20th-evrs-meeting","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium at the 3rd World Retina Day at the 17th EURETINA Congress","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-at-the-3rd-world-retina-day-at-the-17th-euretina-congress","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Symposium at VRSI 2018","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-symposium-at-vrsi-2018-","external":false},{"title":"ASRS to Hold Symposium at 15th EURETINA Congress","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-to-hold-symposium-at-15th-euretina-congress","external":false},{"title":"ASRS to Hold Symposium at 15th European VitreoRetinal Society Meeting","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/asrs-to-hold-symposium-at-15th-european-vitreoretinal-society-meeting","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Webinars","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars","external":false},{"title":"ASRS Women in Retina Section Debuts Mentoring Program","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/asrs-women-in-retina-section-debuts-mentoring-program","external":false},{"title":"Become an ASRS International Member","path":"/sections/international/become-an-asrs-international-member","external":false},{"title":"Being a Woman in Retina","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/jennifer-lim-md-discusses-being-a-woman-in-retina","external":false},{"title":"Bobeck Modjtahedi, MD, Offers Insights on Working at a Large Organization","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/bobeck-modjtahedi-md-offers-insights-on-working-for-a-large-organization","external":false},{"title":"Brian K. Do, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/brian-k-do-md","external":false},{"title":"Career Tips for ECS","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/career-tips-for-ecs","external":false},{"title":"Choroidal Melanoma, Update on Evaluation and Genetic Testing","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/choroidal-melanoma-update-on-evaluation-and-genetic-testing","external":false},{"title":"Cindy X. Cai, MD, MS","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/cindy-x-cai","external":false},{"title":"Clinical and Surgical Videos","path":"/sections/early-career-section/surgical-videos","external":false},{"title":"Clinical Trial Articles","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/clinical-trial-articles","external":false},{"title":"COBRA Surgical Case Conference Series","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/educational-tools/cobra-surgical-case-conference-series","external":false},{"title":"Collaborative Research Opportunities","path":"/sections/international/collaborative-research-opportunities","external":false},{"title":"Complex Tractional Retinal Detachments: Diabetic TRD, PVR Surgery, ROP Techniques, and Sickle Cell Detachments","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/complex-tractional-retinal-detachments-diabetic-trd-pvr-surgery-rop-techniques-and-sickle-cell-detachments","external":false},{"title":"Complications Encountered During Pars Plana Vitrectomy","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/complications-encountered-during-pars-plana-vitrectomy-","external":false},{"title":"Complications Encountered During Retinal Surgery","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/surgical-complications-encountered-during-retinal-surgery","external":false},{"title":"Crystal Apple Award","path":"/sections/early-career-section/crystal-apple-award","external":false},{"title":"Daniel F. Martin, MD Discusses the Impact of the DRCR Network","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/daniel-f-martin-md-discusses-the-impact-of-the-drcr-network","external":false},{"title":"Daniel F. Martin, MD, Offers Advice on a Having a Career in Academics","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/daniel-f-martin-md-offers-advice-on-a-having-a-career-in-academics","external":false},{"title":"Deepak Sambhara, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/deepak-sambhara-md","external":false},{"title":"Demographic Information","path":"/sections/dei-ad-hoc-committee/demographic-information","external":false},{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/diabetic-retinopathy-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Dimitra Skondra, MD, PhD Discusses Work Life Balance","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/dimitra-skondra-md-phd-discusses-work-life-balance","external":false},{"title":"Dimitra Skondra, MD, PhD Offers Tips for the Early Clinician Researcher","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/dimitra-skondra-md-phd-offers-tips-for-the-early-clinician-researcher","external":false},{"title":"Doheny Eye Institute's Stephen J. Ryan, MD, Dies","path":"/sections/member-news/doheny-eye-institutes-stephen-j-ryan-md-dies","external":false},{"title":"Dr. Audina Berrocal Offers Advice on How to Build a Successful Career in Academic Medicine","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/dr-audina-berrocal-offers-advice-on-how-to-build-a-successful-career-in-academic-medicine","external":false},{"title":"Dr. Rishi Singh Discusses What to Look for When Selecting an EHR System and How to Improve Efficiency in Medical Documentation","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/dr-rishi-singh-discusses-what-to-look-for-when-selecting-an-ehr-system-and-how-to-improve-efficiency-in-medical-documentation","external":false},{"title":"Duke VR Rounds: Virtual Edition","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/educational-tools/duke-vr-rounds-virtual-edition","external":false},{"title":"Early Career Section","path":"/sections/early-career-section","external":false},{"title":"Early Career Section Events","path":"/sections/early-career-section/early-career-section-events","external":false},{"title":"Early Career Section Mentoring Program","path":"/sections/early-career-section/early-career-section-mentoring-program","external":false},{"title":"Early Career Section Mentoring Program Testimonials","path":"/sections/early-career-section/early-career-section-mentoring-program/early-career-section-mentoring-program-testimonials","external":false},{"title":"ECS Co-Chairs","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-co-chairs","external":false},{"title":"ECS Member Spotlight: Aleksandra V. Rachitskaya, MD, FASRS","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/ecs-member-spotlight-aleksandra-v-rachitskaya-md-fasrs","external":false},{"title":"ECS Member Spotlight: Ankoor R. Shah, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/ecs-member-spotlight-ankoor-r-shah-md","external":false},{"title":"ECS Member Spotlight: Jessica D. Randolph, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/ecs-member-spotlight-jessica-d-randolph-md","external":false},{"title":"ECS Member Spotlight: Victor M. Villegas, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/ecs-member-spotlight-victor-m-villegas-md","external":false},{"title":"ECS Photo Gallery","path":"/sections/early-career-section/photo-gallery","external":false},{"title":"ECS Resources","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources","external":false},{"title":"Educational Resources","path":"/sections/resident-members-section/educational-resources","external":false},{"title":"Educational Tools","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/educational-tools","external":false},{"title":"Emirates Society of Ophthalmologists 2017 Annual Meeting ASRS Medical Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/emirates-society-of-ophthalmologists-2017-annual-meeting-asrs-medical-symposium","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity Mentoring Program","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/mentorship-program","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity Photo Gallery","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/photo-gallery","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity Section Committee Members","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/committee-members","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity Sponsorship","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/sponsorship","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment and Opportunity Webinars","path":"/sections/dei-ad-hoc-committee/urim-mentorship-program/mentorship-session-recordings","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment \u0026 Opportunity In The News","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/retina-times-articles","external":false},{"title":"Empowerment \u0026 Opportunity Research","path":"/sections/empowerment-and-opportunity/research","external":false},{"title":"Endophthalmitis Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/endophthalmitis-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Ethics in Retina: A Discussion on the Ethical Considerations in Industry Relationships and Informed Consent","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/ethics-in-retina-a-discussion-on-the-ethical-considerations-in-industry-relationships-and-informed-consent","external":false},{"title":"EURETINA ASRS Joint Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/euretina-asrs-joint-symposium","external":false},{"title":"Europe","path":"/sections/international/international-liaison-leaders-and-delegates/europe","external":false},{"title":"Experts from East Asia: Jointly Sponsored by ASRS, Singapore Society of Ophthalmology,Taiwan Retina Society, Thai Retina Society","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/experts-from-east-asia-jointly-sponsored-by-singapore-society-of-ophthalmology-taiwan-retina-society-and-thai-retina-society","external":false},{"title":"Faruk M. Koreishi, MD, FACS, Named Ross Eye Institute Community Ophthalmologist of the Year","path":"/sections/member-news/faruk-m-koreishi-md-facs-named-ross-eye-institute-community-ophthalmologist-of-the-year","external":false},{"title":"Feedback","path":"/sections/international/feedback","external":false},{"title":"Fellow-in-Training Articles","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/multimedia-resources/fellow-in-training-articles","external":false},{"title":"Fellow Onboarding Checklist","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/retina-business-tools-and-resources/fellow-onboarding-checklist","external":false},{"title":"Fellows' Activity Logging Resources","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-activity-logging-resources","external":false},{"title":"Fellowship Directors Section","path":"/sections/fellowship-directors","external":false},{"title":"Fellowship Directors Section Committees and Co-chairs","path":"/sections/fellowship-directors/fellowship-director-section-committees-and-co-chairs","external":false},{"title":"Fellowship Directors' Section Education \u0026 Training Committee - Financial Interest Disclosures","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/fellowship-directors-section-education-training-committee-financial-interest-disclosures","external":false},{"title":"Fellowship Focus in Retina Times","path":"/sections/fellowship-directors/fellowship-focus-in-retina-times","external":false},{"title":"Fellows-in-Training Section","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training","external":false},{"title":"Fellows Virtual Lecture Series: Fellowship Directors","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/fellows-virtual-lecture-series/fellows-virtual-lecture-series-host-information","external":false},{"title":"Fellows Virtual Lecture Series Recordings","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/fellows-virtual-lecture-series/fellows-virtual-lecture-series-recordings","external":false},{"title":"FIT Career Planning","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fit-career-planning","external":false},{"title":"FIT Co-Chairs","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fit-co-chairs","external":false},{"title":"FIT \u0026 ECS Videos","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fit-career-planning/fit-videos","external":false},{"title":"FIT Photo Gallery","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/photo-gallery","external":false},{"title":"FIT Presentations","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fit-career-planning/fit-presentations","external":false},{"title":"Gene Therapy - A New Hope","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/gene-therapy-a-new-hope","external":false},{"title":"Gene Therapy articles","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/gene-therapy-articles","external":false},{"title":"Global Trends in Retina","path":"/sections/international/global-trends-in-retina","external":false},{"title":"Governing Council","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/governing-council","external":false},{"title":"Grant, Fellowship, and Scholarship Opportunities","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/grant-and-scholarship-opportunities","external":false},{"title":"How Are You Doing? Member Stories","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/how-are-you-doing-in-turbulent-times-share-your-story/how-are-you-doing-member-stories","external":false},{"title":"How to Find a Job in the Time of COVID","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/how-to-find-a-job-in-the-time-of-covid","external":false},{"title":"Humanitarian Opportunities","path":"/sections/international/humanitarian-opportunities","external":false},{"title":"Imaging Modalities Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/imaging-","external":false},{"title":"International Affairs Committee","path":"/sections/international","external":false},{"title":"International Affairs Photo Gallery","path":"/sections/international/international-affairs-photo-gallery","external":false},{"title":"International Corner Archives","path":"/sections/international/international-corner-archives","external":false},{"title":"International Jointly Sponsored Webinar Programs","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums","external":false},{"title":"International Liaison Leaders and Delegates","path":"/sections/international/international-liaison-leaders-and-delegates","external":false},{"title":"International Meetings","path":"/sections/international/international-meetings","external":false},{"title":"Intravitreal Injections: Logistics, Safety, and Pearls","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/intravitreal-injections-logistics-safety-and-pearls","external":false},{"title":"Introduction to OCT Angiography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/introduction-to-oct-angiography","external":false},{"title":"Jaime Gaitan, MD Discusses Changing Practices Later in Your Career","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/jaime-gaitan-md-discusses-changing-practices-later-in-your-career","external":false},{"title":"Jaime R. Gaitan, MD discusses how he balances work and family life","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/jaime-r-gaitan-md-discusses-how-he-balances-work-and-family-life","external":false},{"title":"Jennifer I. Lim, MD, Shares Her Experience of Being a ‘Retina Mom’ and Handling Maternity Leave","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/jennifer-i-lim-md-shares-her-experience-of-being-a-retina-mom-and-handling-maternity-leave","external":false},{"title":"Jennifer Sun, MD Discusses the Impact of the DRCR Network on the Field of Retina","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/jennifer-sun-md-discusses-the-impact-of-the-drcr-network-on-the-field-of-retina","external":false},{"title":"Jennifer Sun, MD Stresses the Importance of Getting Involved in the DRCR Network","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/jennifer-sun-md-stresses-the-importance-of-getting-involved-in-the-drcr-network","external":false},{"title":"Jerry A. Shields, MD, Named National Physician of the Year Award Winner","path":"/sections/member-news/jerry-a-shields-md-named-national-physician-of-the-year-award-winner","external":false},{"title":"Joan W. Miller, MD, FARVO, Elected to Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis","path":"/sections/member-news/joan-w-miller-md-farvo-elected-to-academia-ophthalmologica-internationalis","external":false},{"title":"Join the Fellow-in-Training Section Committee","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/join-the-fellow-in-training-section-committee","external":false},{"title":"Journal Club","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club","external":false},{"title":"Journal Club Articles: The Evolving Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/the-evolving-treatment-of-proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy-the-diabetic-retinopathy-study-to-the-drcr-protocol-s/protocol-s-journal-club-articles","external":false},{"title":"Journal Club: Impactful Clinical Trials of 2019","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/journal-club-impactful-clinical-trials-of-2019","external":false},{"title":"Kamal Kishore, MD, MBBS Shares Tips on How to Survive and Thrive in a Solo Practice","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/kamal-kishore-md-mbbs-shares-tips-on-how-to-survive-and-thrive-in-a-solo-practice","external":false},{"title":"Kasra Rezaei, MD Discusses Starting a Career in Academics","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/kasra-rezaei-md-discusses-starting-a-career-in-academics","external":false},{"title":"Kasra Rezaei, MD Shares his Career Path to Retina as a Foreign Medical Graduate","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/kasra-rezaei-md-shares-his-career-path-to-retina-as-a-foreign-graduate","external":false},{"title":"Katherine E. Talcott, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/katherine-e-talcott-md","external":false},{"title":"Kruti P. Dajee, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/kruti-p-dajee-md","external":false},{"title":"Lejla Vajzovic, MD, Shares Insights From Her Career Path and Balancing a Family Early in Your Career","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/lejla-vajzovic-md-shares-insights-from-her-career-path-and-balancing-a-family-early-in-your-career","external":false},{"title":"Live Fellowship Debate on the Management of Complex Retinal Detachment Repairs","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/live-fellowship-debate-on-the-management-of-complex-retinal-detachment-repairs","external":false},{"title":"Macular Hole and Vitreomacular Traction Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/macular-hole-and-vitreomacular-traction-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Management of Posterior Segment Ocular Trauma","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/management-of-posterior-segment-ocular-trauma","external":false},{"title":"Managing Surgical Complications","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/managing-surgical-complications","external":false},{"title":"Managing Surgical Complications articles","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/managing-surgical-complications-articles","external":false},{"title":"Matthew Ohr, MD Offers Insights into Building an Academic Retina Career","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/matthew-ohr-md-offers-insights-into-building-an-academic-retina-career","external":false},{"title":"Member \u0026 Society News","path":"/sections/member-news","external":false},{"title":"Member-Sponsored Research and Learning Opportunities","path":"/sections/early-career-section/member-sponsored-research-and-learning-opportunities","external":false},{"title":"Mentee Testimonials","path":"/sections/dei-ad-hoc-committee/urim-mentorship-program/mentee-testimonials","external":false},{"title":"Mentoring Fellows at AAO Retina Subspecialty Day","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/mentoring-fellows-at-aao-retina-subspecialty-day","external":false},{"title":"Michael Tsipursky, MD Discusses the Importance of Balancing Work and Family","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/michael-tsipursky-md-discusses-the-importance-of-balancing-work-and-family","external":false},{"title":"Michael Tsipursky, MD Offers His Perspective on Creating an Academic Private Practice","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/michael-tsipursky-md-offers-his-perspective-on-creating-an-academic-private-practice","external":false},{"title":"New Physician Checklist","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/retina-business-tools-and-resources/new-physician-checklist","external":false},{"title":"New WinR Initiative: Clinical Trials Incubator","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/new-winr-initiative-clinical-trials-incubator","external":false},{"title":"Nicholas G. Douvas, MD: 1921–2011","path":"/sections/member-news/nicholas-g-douvas-md-19212011","external":false},{"title":"Now What? Diagnostic Challenges in Retina","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/now-what-diagnostic-challenges-in-retina","external":false},{"title":"Now What? Diagnostic Challenges in Retina","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/","external":false},{"title":"Observership Program","path":"/sections/international/observership-training","external":false},{"title":"Ocular Trauma Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/ocular-trauma","external":false},{"title":"One \u0026 Done: Championship Buckling Techniques","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/one-done-championship-buckling-techniques","external":false},{"title":"Outreach to Fellows","path":"/sections/fellowship-directors/outreach-to-fellows","external":false},{"title":"Pearls for Landing Your Dream Retina Job","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/pearls-for-landing-your-dream-retina-job","external":false},{"title":"Pediatric Cases That All Retina Surgeons Will Encounter","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/pediatric-retina-surgery-cases","external":false},{"title":"Pediatric Retina Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/pedi","external":false},{"title":"Posterior Segment Neoplasm Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/choroidal-melanoma-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Practice Administrators Section in Retina Times","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/practice-administrators-section-in-retina-times","external":false},{"title":"Practice Resources","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/retina-business-tools-and-resources","external":false},{"title":"Priya S. Vakharia, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/priya-s-vakharia-md","external":false},{"title":"Raj K. Maturi, MD Offers Tips on Building a Practice and Getting Involved in the DRCR","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/raj-k-maturi-md-offers-tips-on-building-a-practice-and-getting-involved-in-the-drcr","external":false},{"title":"Resident Members","path":"/sections/resident-members-section","external":false},{"title":"Retinal Artery Occlusions Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/retinal-artery-occlusions-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Retinal Coding 101 (AKA the Source of Gray Hairs)","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/retinal-coding-101-aka-the-source-of-gray-hairs","external":false},{"title":"Retinal Detachment Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/retinal-detachment-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Retinal Vein Occlusions Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/retinal-vein-occlusions-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Retina Practice Administrators Section","path":"/sections/practice-administrators","external":false},{"title":"Retina Practice News","path":"/sections/practice-administrators/retina-practice-news","external":false},{"title":"Retina Times Literature Roundup","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/retina-times-literature-round-up","external":false},{"title":"Retinitis Pigmentosa Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/retinitis-pigmentosa-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"ROP and Pediatric Vitreoretinopathies","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/rop-and-pediatric-vitreoretinopathies","external":false},{"title":"Sandeep Randhawa, MD, Discusses His Career Path and Successful Practice Building After Fellowship","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/sandeep-randhawa-md-discusses-his-career-path-and-successful-practice-building-after-fellowship","external":false},{"title":"Sarwar Zahid, MD","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-resources/sarwar-zahid-md","external":false},{"title":"Second Annual Live Fellowship Debates","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/second-annual-fellowship-debates-","external":false},{"title":"Secondary IOLs - Tips and Techniques from the Experts","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/secondary-iols---tips-and-techniques-from-the-experts","external":false},{"title":"Spotlight Cases","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/spotlight-cases","external":false},{"title":"Thank you to the ECS Mentors","path":"/sections/early-career-section/early-career-section-mentoring-program/ecs-mentors","external":false},{"title":"The AAO Advocacy Ambassador Program","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/grant-and-scholarship-opportunities/the-aao-advocacy-ambassador-program","external":false},{"title":"The Evolving Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: The Diabetic Retinopathy Study to the DRCR Protocol S","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/the-evolving-treatment-of-proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy-the-diabetic-retinopathy-study-to-the-drcr-protocol-s","external":false},{"title":"The Past and Present in the Management of Idiopathic Macular Hole and Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/the-past-and-present-in-the-management-of-idiopathic-macular-hole-and-vitreomacular-traction-syndrome","external":false},{"title":"Tips on Surgical Training of Retina Fellows and How to Become a Better Retina Surgeon","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/tips-on-surgical-training-of-retina-fellows-and-how-to-become-a-better-retina-surgeon","external":false},{"title":"Transitioning From Trainee to Trainer","path":"/sections/young-physicians/ecs-videos/transitioning-from-trainee-to-trainer","external":false},{"title":"Two ASRS Members Win National Eye Institute Prizes in National Audacious Goals Challenge","path":"/sections/member-news/two-asrs-members-win-national-eye-institute-prizes-in-national-audacious-goals-challenge","external":false},{"title":"Upcoming Events and Meetings","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/upcoming-events-and-meetings","external":false},{"title":"Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Retinal Degenerations","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/update-on-the-diagnosis-and-management-of-retinal-degenerations","external":false},{"title":"Updates in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy: DME and PDR in the Middle East and Africa","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/updates-in-the-management-of-diabetic-retinopathy-dme-and-pdr-in-the-middle-east-and-africa","external":false},{"title":"Useful Links","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/social-media","external":false},{"title":"Uveitis Bibliography","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list/uveitis-bibliography","external":false},{"title":"Uveitis Syndromes You Don't Want to Miss","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/webinars/uveitis-syndromes-you-dont-want-to-miss","external":false},{"title":"Videos for Fellows-in-Training and Early Career Specialists","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-","external":false},{"title":"Videos From the 3rd Retina Fellows Advanced Vitreous Surgery Course","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/multimedia-resources/videos-from-the-3rd-retina-fellows-advanced-vitreous-surgery-course-","external":false},{"title":"Vincent S. Hau, MD, PhD, Discusses What it’s Like to Work in a Corporate Hospital Based Setting","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/vincent-s-hau-md-phd-discusses-what-its-like-to-work-in-a-corporate-hospital-based-setting","external":false},{"title":"Vincent S. Hau, MD, PhD, Shares His Experience of Leaving His First Job After Fellowship to Pursue Other Opportunities","path":"/sections/early-career-section/ecs-/vincent-s-hau-md-phd-shares-his-experience-of-leaving-his-first-job-after-fellowship-to-pursue-other-opportunities","external":false},{"title":"Viral Retinitis articles","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/viral-retinitis-articles-","external":false},{"title":"Viral Retinitis: Diagnostic Challenges, Treatment Options, and Management of Ensuing Complications","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/journal-club/viral-retinitis-diagnostic-challenges-treatment-options-and-management-of-ensuing-complications","external":false},{"title":"Vitreoretinal Fellowship Reading List","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/fellows-reading-list","external":false},{"title":"Vitreo-Retinal Society of India 2017 Annual Meeting ASRS Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/vitreo-retinal-society-of-india-2017-annual-meeting-asrs-symposium-","external":false},{"title":"VRSI ASRS Joint Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/vrsi-asrs-joint-symposium","external":false},{"title":"What’s for Lunch? Better Communication!","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/whats-for-lunch-better-communication","external":false},{"title":"William F. Mieler, MD, Named ARVO President-Elect","path":"/sections/member-news/william-f-mieler-md-named-arvo-president-elect","external":false},{"title":"William O. Edward, MD: 1930–2012","path":"/sections/member-news/william-o-edward-md-19302012","external":false},{"title":"William Sanderson Grizzard, MD: 1946–2011","path":"/sections/member-news/william-sanderson-grizzard-md-19462011","external":false},{"title":"Wills Eye Center: Conference Series","path":"/sections/fellows-in-training/wills-eye-center-bi-weekly-imaging-conference-series","external":false},{"title":"WinR Archived Webinars","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-events/archived-webinars","external":false},{"title":"WinR Board","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/organizational-structure","external":false},{"title":"WinR Champion Award","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-champion-award","external":false},{"title":"WinR Forum","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-forum","external":false},{"title":"WinR Hosts Third Fluorescein Conference at ARVO","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/winr-hosts-third-fluorescein-conference-at-arvo","external":false},{"title":"WinR in the Media","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times","external":false},{"title":"WinR Members Enjoy Mentoring Brunch in Chicago","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/winr-members-enjoy-mentoring-brunch-in-chicago","external":false},{"title":"WinR Mentoring Program","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-mentoring-program","external":false},{"title":"WinR Photo Gallery","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/photos-of-past-winr-events","external":false},{"title":"WinR Research Conference at ARVO","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-events/winr-research-conference-at-arvo","external":false},{"title":"WinR Responds to Recent Events","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-responds-recent-events","external":false},{"title":"WinR Sponsorship","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-sponsorship","external":false},{"title":"Winter Brunch Kicks Off 2014 WinR Mentoring Program","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-in-retina-times/winter-brunch-kicks-off-2014-winr-mentoring-program","external":false},{"title":"Winter Brunch Kicks Off 2016 WinR Events","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-in-retina-times/winter-brunch-kicks-off-2016-winr-events","external":false},{"title":"Winter Wonderlands Greet Women in Retina","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/winter-wonderlands-greet-women-in-retina","external":false},{"title":"Women in Retina Mentoring Program at WIO 'an Amazing Experience'","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/women-in-retina-mentoring-program-at-wio-an-amazing-experience","external":false},{"title":"Women in Retina Section Hosts Events at ASRS Annual Meeting, AVTT Symposium","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/winr-retina-times/women-in-retina-section-hosts-events-at-asrs-annual-meeting-avtt-symposium","external":false},{"title":"Women in Retina Section Sponsors Luncheon, Case Conference","path":"/sections/women-in-retina/women-in-retina-section-sponsors-luncheon-case-conference","external":false},{"title":"Women in Retina (WinR)","path":"/sections/women-in-retina","external":false},{"title":"World Ophthalmology Congress 2018","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/world-ophthalmology-congress-2018-","external":false},{"title":"World Ophthalmology Congress ASRS Joint Symposium","path":"/sections/international/joint-symposiums/world-ophthalmology-congress-asrs-joint-symposium","external":false}],"Member Services":[{"title":"2014 ASRS Speed Networking Evening Survey","path":"/members/2014-asrs-speed-networking-evening-survey","external":false},{"title":"FASRS Designees","path":"/members/fellow-of-the-american-society-of-retina-specialists-fasrs/2021-designees-","external":false},{"title":"Fellow of the American Society of Retina Specialists (FASRS)","path":"/members/fellow-of-the-american-society-of-retina-specialists-fasrs","external":false},{"title":"Find a  Member","path":"/members/find-a-specialist","external":false},{"title":"Focused Practice Designation ","path":"/members/focused-practice-designation-","external":false},{"title":"Retina Career Center","path":"/members/retina-career-center","external":false},{"title":"Update Your Profile","path":"/members/editcontact","external":false},{"title":"Updating Your Profile","path":"/members/updating-your-profile","external":false},{"title":"View Your Payment History","path":"/members/payment-history","external":false}]}},"componentIdentifier":"landing/home","defers":[],"fragments":[],"assets":["/assets/application-c4571773.js"],"csrfToken":"t17BjCywVGT9BF0z2S2wXA5YxycsoFBq4acF9st_LISRxarbrt1G39CeNXmWj-mV_oe9bUbn9u_nBcwLpUJNXg","restoreStrategy":"fromCacheAndRevisitInBackground","renderedAt":1777269503,"slices":{"flash":{},"currentUser":{"null!":{}}}}